Categories and
labels are powerful instruments for social regulation and control,
and they are often employed for obscure, covert, or hurtful
purposes: to degrade people, to deny them access to opportunity, to
exclude "undesirables" whose presence in some way offends, disturbs
familiar custom, or demands extraordinary effort. . . .Society
defines what is exceptional or deviant, and appropriate treatments
are designed quite as much to protect society as they are to help
the child. . . . "To take care of them" can and should be read with
two meanings: to give children help and to exclude them from the
community.
In Middle Childhood: The child feels transient
loss of self-esteem after experiencing failure and feels sadness
with losses as in early childhood.
In Adolescence: The
adolescent's developmental presentations are similar to those of
middle childhood but may also include fleeting thoughts of death.
Bereavement includes loss of a boyfriend or girlfriend, friend, or
best friend. ...
In Middle Childhood: The child may
experience some sadness that results in brief suicidal ideation with
no clear plan of suicide, some apathy, boredom, low self-esteem, and
unexplained physical symptoms such as headaches and abdominal
pain....
In Adolescence:
Some disinterest in school work,
decrease in motivation, and day-dreaming in class may begin to lead
to deterioration of school work. Hesitancy in attending school,
apathy, and boredom may occur....”
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